Tham khảo Shōen

  • Edward Kaplan, West Washington University. Medieval Japan's Feudal Process, accessed on ngày 4 tháng 12 năm 2008.
  • (tiếng Nhật) Amino Yoshihiko et al., Shōen no seiritsu to ryōyū 荘園の成立と領有 [The Rise of Japanese Manors and their Territorial Rights], (Kōza Nihon shōen shi 講座日本荘園史, 2), Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1991; ISBN 4-642-02692-4.
  • Hall, John Whitney. "Terms and Concepts in Japanese Medieval History: An Inquiry into the Problems of Translation". Journal of Japanese Studies 9/1 (Winter, 1983), p. 29, s.v. shōen.